Pile for manufacturing shafts



No. 623,653. Patented Apr. 25, |899. R. A. CARTER.

PILEl FOR MANUFACTURING SHFTS, &c.

(Applicatio filed Jan. 27, 1898.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

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WITNESSES: INVENTOR,

No. 623,653. v Patented Apr. 25, |899.

' R. A. CARTER.

PILE FUR MANUFACTURING SHAFTS, &c.

(Application led Jan. 27, 1898.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

FIG. 5.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR,

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Unita ROBERT A. CARTER, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

PILE FOR MANUFACTURING SHAFTS, 86C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 623,653, dated April25, 1899.

Application filed January 27, 1898. Serial N0- 6683118. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT A. CARTER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented or discovered certain new and usefulImprovements in the Manufacture of Shafts, &c., of which improvementsthe following is a specification.

The invention described herein relates to certainimprovements in theformation of piles for the manufacture of shafting, the improvementsbeing more especially applicable for the manufacture of hollow shaftingor tubing which is subjected to -torsional strains.

As is well known, shafts for steamboats or other purposes are subjectedprincipally to torsional strains; and the invention described herein hasfor its object such adisposition or arrangement of the pieces formingthe pile that a portion at least of such material shall have the fibersthereof so arranged with relation to the direction of such torsionalstrains as to present the greatest possible resistance thereto.

The invention is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification,Figure 1 is a side elevation of a pile having the billets forming thesame arranged in accordance with my irnprove'ment, portions of eachlayer o f billets being broken away to more clearly illustrate thearrangement. Fig. 2 is atransverse section, the plane of section beingindicated by the line Il Il, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is aview similar to Fig. l,illustrating a modification of my improvement. Fig. a is a transversesection, the plane of section being indicated by the line IV IV, Fig.Figs. 5 and G are Views similar to Figs. 1 and 2, illustratingmodifications in the manner of forming a pile.

In the practice of my invention as applied tothe manufacture of hollowshafting or tubing a cylindrical foundation 1 is formed by coiling asuitably-shaped billet, preferably round in cross-section, into atubular form. This coiling may be effected over a mandrel or in anyother suitable manner known in the art. The mandrel, which may consistof a tube or solid bar of suitable diameter, is Withdrawn after the pilei-s formed. It is prevferred that the coils should be so formed thatadjacent coils will be in or nearly in contact with each other, so as tofacilitate their being welded together, as hereinafter described, and inorder to preventa too great separation thereof when heated. A certainamount of separation will be caused by the expansion of the metal whenthe piles are heated. On this foundation 1 is placed the second layer 2,formed of billets, preferably square in crosssection and arranged, asshown, parallel with the axes of the foundation portion. IVhile it ispreferred, as stated, to form the second layer of billets square incross-section, they may be round or of any other suitable crosssectionalshape, provided that when arranged upon the foundation 1 they will notbe closely in contact, but will leave interstices or passages betweenadjacent billets, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, for the permeation of heatinto the interior portions of the pile. The third layer 3 is formed bycoiling a billet, preferablyround in cross-section, around outside ofthe layer2, thereby firmly binding the latter upon the foundation.Outside of this third layer is arranged a fourth layer 4, con-v sistingof billets of suitable shape in crosssection, as above described, andarranged parallel with the axes of the spiral layers. Any number ofadditional layers may be added to the pile, dependent upon the size ofthe shaft or tube to be formed. The pile thus constructed is heated inthe usual or any suitable manner toawelding heat, theinterstices orpassages formed by the longitudinal billets and the radial openings dueto the separation of adjacent coils when heated permitting of .thethorough permeation of the heat and also of the escape of cinder, &c.,from the interior of the pile. This pile can be worked down under therolls or hammer, an internal mandrel being employed to prevent thedistortion of the pile.

The spiral layers should be formed of right or left hand coils,dependent upon the direction in which the shaft is to be rotated that isto say, if the shaft is rotated from right to left the coil should beformed from left to right, so that the fibers of such coil will besubjected to tension rather than compression when the shaftis in use.The longitudinallyarranged billets will give the shaft the desiredstrength as against longitudinal strains ICO and will also serve asbinders on the i'nner and outer surfaces of the spirals to tightly bi ndthe individual members thereof together.

Vhere shafts are to be subjected to torsional strains in bothdirections-that is, are to be rotated approximately the same amount inboth directions-some of the layers can be formed by right-handed spiralsand the adjacent layer, as la, can be formed by a lefthanded spiral,and, if desired, the pile can be formed as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and4. lVhile it is preferred to arrange the right and left hand spirals orcoils one upon the other and then arrange the longitudinal billetsoutside ot' these coils, longitudinal billets maybe arranged betweeneach spiral or coil.

The pile may be formed of two or more layers arranged as described, orthe inner layer may be formed by longitudinal billets and the externallayer by a coiled billet.

As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the pile may be formed entirely of coiledbillets. The coils composing the .pile may be either right or lefthanded, or some may be right-handed and some left-handed, in which easethey are arranged alternately, as shown.

lt is preferred to proportion the sizes of the Vbillets in accordancewith their location in the pile, as fully described in application, Se-

rial No. 663,667, tiled December 27, 1897. As stated in saidapplication, the smallest billets form the middle part of the pile, andthe billets forming the other portions increase in size proportionallyto their distance from the center.A This proportioning of the sizes ofthe billets insures a homogeneity of metal in the finished article.

I claim herein as my inventionl. A hollow pile for the manufacture ofshafts, dse., consisting of two or more layers formed of spirally-coiledbillets and one or more layers of billets arranged parallel with theaxes of the coiled billets and alternating therewith, substantially asset forth.

2. Apile forthemannfactu re of shafts, dce., consisting of two or morelayers formed of spirally-eoiled billets, one of said layers forming theinterior of the pile, and one or more layers of billets arrangedparallel with the axes of the coiled billets and alternatin therewith,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

RO BERT A. CARTER.

Witnesses:

DARWIN S. WoLcoTT, F. E. GAITHER.

